Chikafu chakaomeswa nechando (Frozen food) zvinoreva chikafu chine hunhu hwemhando yemhando yemidziyo yakabikwa zvakanaka, yakaomeswa nechando patembiricha inosvika -30°C, yozochengetwa nekutenderedzwa pa -18°C kana kudzikira mushure mekurongedzerwa. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekudzikira-kutonhora kuchengetedza cheni mukati mese maitiro, chikafu chakaomeswa nechando chine hunhu hwehupenyu hurefu hwesherufu, isingaparare, uye kushandiswa kuri nyore, asi zvakare kunokonzeresa.challengesuye yakakwirira zvinodiwa pakurongedza zvinhu.
Zvokudya zvekurongedzerwa zvakajairika nechando
Parizvino, the commonmabhegi ekurongedza chikafu muchandopamusika kazhinji shandisa zvinotevera zvinhu zvimiro:
1. PET/PE
Ichi chimiro chinowanzojairika mukukurumidza-chando kurongedza chikafu. Iine yakanaka hunyoro-uchapupu, inotonhora-inodzivirira, yakaderera-tembiricha yekuisa chisimbiso zvivakwa uye ine mutengo wakaderera.
2. BOPP/PE, BOPP/CPP
Rudzi urwu rwechimiro ndechehunyoro-uchapupu, husingatonhore, hune simba rakanyanya kusimba mukudzika-tembiricha kupisa chisimbiso, uye ine hupfumi mumutengo. Pakati pavo, kutaridzika uye kunzwa kwekurongedza mabhegi ane BOPP / PE chimiro ari nani pane ayo ane PET / PE chimiro, anogona kuvandudza chigadzirwa mhando.
3. PET/VMPET/CPE, BOPP/VMPET/CPE
Nekuda kwekuvapo kwealuminum plating layer, iyi mhando yechimiro ine yakanaka kudhindwa kwepamusoro, asi yakaderera-tembiricha yekudziya yekuisa chisimbiso kuita kwayo kuderera zvishoma uye mutengo wakakwira, saka mwero wekushandisa wakadzikira.
4. NY/PE, PET/NY/LLDPE, PET/NY/AL/PE, NY/PE
Packaging nemhando iyi yechimiro inoshingirira kutonhora uye kukanganisa. Nekuda kwekuvapo kweiyo NY layer, kuramba kwayo puncture kwakanaka kwazvo, asi mutengo wakakwira. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa kurongedza angular kana zvinorema zvigadzirwa.
Uye zvakare, kune zvakare rakareruka PE bhegi, iro rinowanzo shandiswa seyekunze yekurongedza bhegi remiriwo uye zviri nyore kudya nechando.
Pamusoro pemabhegi ekurongedzerwa, zvimwe zvikafu zvakaomeswa nechando zvinoda kushandiswa kwematireyi ane blister. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa tireyi zvinhu ndeye PP. Chikafu-giredhi PP ine hutsanana uye inogona kushandiswa pakudziya kwakaderera kwe -30°C. Kune zvakare PET uye zvimwe zvinhu. Sepakeji yekutakura yakawanda, makatoni ane corrugated zvinhu zvekutanga kutariswa pakurongedzerwa kwechikafu chakaomeswa nekuda kwekukatyamadza-humbowo, kusagadzikana-kumanikidza zvivakwa uye mutengo wakanaka.
Kuyedza zviyero zvekuputirwa nechando
Zvinhu zvinokodzera zvinofanirwa kunge zvine zviputiriso zvinogoneka. Pamusoro pekuyedza chigadzirwa pachacho, kuyedzwa kwechigadzirwa kunofanirwawo kuyedza kurongedza. Chete mushure mekupasa bvunzo inogona kupinda mundima yekutenderera. .
Parizvino, hapana mazinga akakosha enyika ekuyedzwa kwekuputirwa nechando. Nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri dziri kushanda nevanogadzira chikafu chakaomeswa nechando kusimudzira nekushingaira kuumbwa kwemaindasitiri zviyero. Naizvozvo, kana uchitenga kurongedza, vagadziri vezvikafu zvakaomeswa nechando vanofanirwa kusangana neyakajairwa nyika zviyero zvezvakakodzera zvekurongedza zvinhu.
Semuyenzaniso:
GB 9685-2008 "Hygienic Standards for Use of Additives for Food Containers and Packaging Materials" inotaridza hutsanana hutsanana hwezvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa mumidziyo yechikafu uye zvekurongedza;
GB/T 10004-2008 "Plastic Composite Firimu rePackaging, Dry Lamination for Bags, uye Extrusion Lamination" inotsanangura mafirimu akaumbwa, mabhegi, uye mafirimu epurasitiki akaumbwa akagadzirwa neakaoma lamination uye co-extrusion lamination maitiro asina bepa base uye aluminium. foil. , kutaridzika uye zviratidzo zvemuviri zvebhegi, uye inotaura huwandu hwezvakasara solvent mubhagi rinosanganiswa uye firimu;
GB 9688-1988 "Hygienic Standard yePolypropylene Molded Products for Food Packaging" inotaridza zviratidzo zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvePP yakaumbwa kurongedza chikafu, iyo inogona kushandiswa sehwaro hwekuumbwa kwezviyero zvePP blister trays yezvikafu zvakaomeswa nechando;
GB/T 4857.3-4 uye GB/T 6545-1998 "Nzira yekusarudza kuputika kwesimba remarata makadhibhokisi" zvichiteerana zvinopa zvinodiwa pakurongedza simba uye kuputika kwesimba remarata makadhibhokisi.
Pamusoro pezvo, mukushanda chaiko, vagadziri vezvikafu zvakaomeswa nechando vachagadzirawo mamwe mazinga emakambani anoenderana nemamiriro avo chaiwo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, sehuwandu hwezvinodiwa zvema blister tray, mabuckets efuro uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa.
Zvinetso zviviri zvikuru hazvigoni kufuratirwa
1. chikafu chakaoma kushandiswa, "chando chinopisa" chiitiko
Chengetedzo yakaomeswa nechando inogona kudzikisira zvakanyanya kukura uye kubereka kweutachiona uye kuderedza mwero wekuparara kwechikafu. Nekudaro, kune imwe chando maitiro, iyo yakaoma kushandiswa uye oxidation yechikafu inozonyanya kukomba nekuwedzera kwechando nguva.
Mufiriza, kugoverwa kwetembiricha uye mhute yemvura chidimbu kudzvanywa kuripo kwakadai: nzvimbo yekudya> yakapoteredza mweya> inotonhorera. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kubva panzvimbo yezvokudya zvinotamirwa kumhepo yakapoteredza, uye kutonhora kunowedzera kuderedzwa; kune rumwe rutivi, mutsauko wepakati pakati pemhute yemvura iripo munzvimbo yezvokudya uye mhepo yakapoteredza inokonzera mvura, ice crystal evaporation uye sublimation mumhute yemvura mumhepo.
Kusvika pari zvino, mhepo ine mhute yemvura yakawanda inoderedza densi yayo uye inofamba pamusoro pefiriza. Pakudzika kwetembiricha yeinotonhorera, mhute yemvura inobata pamusoro pechitonhodzi chobva chaita chando kuti ichisungirire, uye kuwanda kwemhepo kunowedzera, nokudaro inonyura yosangana nechikafu zvakare. Iyi nzira ichadzokororwa, kutenderera, mvura iri pamusoro pezvokudya inogara ichirasika, uremu hunoderedzwa, chiitiko ichi "dry kushandiswa". Mukuita kwekuenderera mberi kwekuoma kwekushandisa chiitiko, pamusoro pechikafu zvishoma nezvishoma ichava porous tishu, kuwedzera nzvimbo yekusangana neokisijeni, inomhanyisa oxidation yemafuta echikafu, pigment, browning, protein denaturation, chiitiko ichi "kupisa kupisa".
Nekuda kwekufambiswa kwemhute yemvura uye oxidation reaction yeokisijeni mumhepo ndizvo zvinokonzeresa zvechiitiko chiri pamusoro, saka sechipingamupinyi pakati pechikafu chakaoma nechando nenyika yekunze, zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa mukurongedza mukati maro zvinofanirwa kunge zvine mvura yakanaka. mhute uye oksijeni inovharira kuita.
2. Mhedzisiro yemamiriro echando ekuchengetedza pane simba remakanika rekutakura zvinhu
Sezvatinoziva tose, mapurasitiki anozoita brittle uye anowanzo kuputsika kana akaiswa munzvimbo dzakaderera tembiricha kwenguva yakareba, uye maitiro avo emuviri anodonha zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoratidza kushaya simba kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki maererano nekusagadzikana kutonhora. Kazhinji, kutonhora kunotonhora kwepurasitiki kunoratidzwa nekushisa kwe embrittlement. Sezvo tembiricha inodzikira, ipurasitiki inova brittle uye nyore kutyora nekuda kwekudzikira kwekufamba kwepolymer molecular chain. Pasi pesimba rakatsanangurwa rekuita, 50% yepurasitiki ichaita brittle kukundikana. Tembiricha panguva iyi ndiyo brittle tembiricha. Ndiko, iyo yakaderera muganho wekushisa kune yakajairika kushandiswa kwepurasitiki zvinhu. Kana zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinoshandiswa pakudya zvakaomeswa zviine kushomeka kwekutonhora, panguva yekufambisa gare gare uye kurodha uye kuburitsa uye kurodha, iyo inopinza yakapinza yechikafu chakaomeswa inogona kubaya pakiti nyore nyore, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekudonha uye kukurumidza kupera kwechikafu.
Panguva yekuchengetera uye yekufambisa, chikafu chakaomeswa nechando chinoiswa mumabhokisi ane marata. Tembiricha yekuchengetera inotonhora inowanzoiswa pa -24 ℃ ~ -18 ℃. Mukuchengetedza kunotonhora, mabhokisi ane corrugated zvishoma nezvishoma anotora hunyoro kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, uye kazhinji anosvika pakunyorova mukati memazuva mana. Zvinoenderana nemabhuku akakodzera, kana katoni ine corrugated inosvika pakunyorova kwehunyoro, hunyoro hwayo hunowedzera ne2% kusvika 3% kana ichienzaniswa nekuoma. Nekuwedzera kwenguva yefiriji, simba rekumanikidza kumucheto, simba rekumanikidza, uye simba rekubatanidza remakatoni ane marata richadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye richadzikira ne31%, 50%, uye 21% zvakateerana mushure memazuva mana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushure mekupinda muchengetedzo inotonhora, simba remagetsi remakatoni ane makora richaderera. Simba rinokanganiswa kune imwe nhanho, iyo inowedzera njodzi inogona kuitika yekudonha kwebhokisi mune inotevera nhanho. .
Chikafu chakaomeswa nechando chichaita mabasa akawanda ekurodha nekuburitsa panguva yekufambisa kubva kunzvimbo inotonhora yekuchengetera kuenda kunzvimbo yekutengesa. Kuchinja kunoramba kuripo mukusiyana kwetembiricha kunokonzera kuti mhute yemvura iri mumhepo yakatenderedza bhokisi rine makorara imonere pamusoro pekatoni, uye hunyoro hwekatoni hunokurumidza kukwira kusvika pa19%. , simba rayo rekumanikidza richadonha ne23% kusvika 25%. Panguva ino, simba remagetsi rebhokisi rakasvibiswa richawedzera kukuvadzwa, zvichiwedzera mukana wekuputsika kwebhokisi. Pamusoro pezvo, panguva yekumisikidza katoni, mabhokisi ekumusoro anoita kuenderera mberi kusimba pamakatoni ezasi. Kana makatoni atora hunyoro uye achidzikisa kudzvinyirira kwavo, mabhokisi epasi anozoremara uye apwanywa kutanga. Zvinoenderana nenhamba, kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kunokonzerwa nekudonha kwemakatoni nekuda kwekutorwa kwemwando uye yekupedzisira-yepamusoro stacking account yeinenge 20% yekurasikirwa kwese mukutenderera.
Solutions
Kuti uderedze kuwanda kwematambudziko makuru maviri ari pamusoro uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu chakaomeswa nechando, unogona kutanga kubva pane zvinotevera zvinhu.
1. Sarudza zvinhu zvemukati zvekuputira zvine chipingamupinyi chakakwirira uye simba rakakwirira.
Kune akawanda marudzi epakurongedza zvinhu ane akasiyana zvivakwa. Chete nekunzwisisa hunhu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurongedza tinogona kusarudza zvinhu zvine musoro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira zvechikafu chakaomeswa, kuitira kuti varege kungochengeta kunaka uye kunaka kwechikafu, asi zvakare kuratidza kukosha kwechigadzirwa.
Parizvino, mapurasitiki anochinjika kurongedza anoshandiswa mumunda wechikafu chakaomeswa anonyanya kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:
Mhando yekutanga ndeyemabhegi ekurongedza mabhegi, senge PE mabhegi, ane zvishoma zvipingamupinyi zvipingamupinyi uye anowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira miriwo;
Chikamu chechipiri ndechecomposite akapfava epurasitiki ekurongedza mabhegi, iyo inoshandisa adhesive kubatanidza maviri kana anopfuura akaturikidzana epurasitiki firimu zvinhu pamwechete, seOPP/LLDPE, NY/LLDPE, zvichingodaro, zvine hunyoro hwakanaka-huchapupu, husingatonhore, uye husingapunzi;
Chikamu chechitatu ndichoakawanda-layer co-extruded flexible epurasitiki ekurongedza mabhegi, umo mbishi zvinhu zvine mabasa akasiyana akadai sePA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, nezvimwewo zvinonyungudutswa uye kuburitswa zvakaparadzana, zvinosanganiswa pafa main die, zvobva zvabatanidzwa pamwechete mushure mekuputira kuumba uye kutonhora. , rudzi urwu rwezvinhu harushandisi zvinonamira uye rune hunhu hwekusina kusvibiswa, chivharo chepamusoro, simba repamusoro, yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba, nezvimwe.
Dhata inoratidza kuti munyika dzakasimukira uye matunhu, kushandiswa kwechikamu chechitatu chekurongedza kunokwana makumi mana muzana ezvese zvekudya zvakaomeswa nechando, nepo munyika yangu inongoverengera 6% uye inoda kusimudzirwa. .
Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, zvinhu zvitsva zviri kubuda chimwe mushure mechimwe, uye firimu rekurongedza rinodyiwa ndemumwe wevamiriri. Inoshandisa biodegradable polysaccharides, mapuroteni kana lipids sematrix, uye inoumba firimu rekudzivirira pamusoro pezvikafu zvakaomeswa nechando vachishandisa zvinhu zvinodyiwa sezvimisikidzwa uye kuburikidza nekudyidzana kweintermolecular kuburikidza nekuputira, kunyura, kupeta kana kupfapfaidza. , kudzora kutamisa hunyoro uye kupinda kweokisijeni. Iri rudzi rwefirimu rine mhedziso yemvura yakajeka uye yakasimba gasi permeability kuramba. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti inogona kudyiwa nechikafu chakaomeswa pasina kusvibiswa, uye ine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa.
2. Kuvandudza kutonhora kwekudzivirira uye simba remagetsi remukati wekurongedza zvinhu
Nzira yekutanga, sarudza musanganiswa unonzwisisika kana co-extruded mbishi zvinhu.
Nylon, LLDPE, EVA ese ane yakanakisa yakadzika tembiricha kuramba uye kubvarura kuramba uye kukanganisa kwemaitiro. Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro zvakasvibirira mumusanganiswa kana co-extrusion process zvinogona kunyatso kuvandudza kusapinda kwemvura uye mhepo kudzivirira uye simba remagetsi rekutakura zvinhu.
Nzira yechipiri, zvakakodzera kuwedzera chikamu cheplasticizers. Plasticizer inonyanya kushandiswa kunetesa chisungo chakadzika pakati pepolymer mamorekuru, kuitira kuti iwedzere kufamba kwepolymer molecular cheni, kuderedza crystallization, inoratidzwa sekuderera kwekuoma kwepolymer, modulus embrittlement tembiricha, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwekurebesa uye kuchinjika.
3. kuvandudza simba rekumanikidza remabhokisi ane makora
Parizvino, musika unonyanya kushandisa katoni yakakanyiwa kutakura chikafu chakaomeswa nechando, katoni iyi yakakomberedzwa nezvipikiri zvina zvemarata, kumusoro nekudzika nemabapiro mana akatyoka kupeta chisimbiso chemhando yekugadzira. Kuburikidza nekuongorora mabhuku uye kuongororwa kwebvunzo, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti kudonha kwekatoni kunoitika mumakadhibhodhi mana akaiswa vertically mubhokisi rechimiro, saka kusimbaradza kusimba kwenzvimbo ino kunogona kunyatso kuvandudza simba rose rekumanikidza rebhokisi. Kunyanya, kutanga kune zvese, mumadziro emakadhibhokisi akatenderedza kuwedzera kweiyo sleeve yemhete, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa A corrugated kadhibhodhi, elasticity yayo, kubatwa nekuvhunduka, inogona kudzivirira chikafu chechando chakapinza puncture nyoro makadhibhodi. Chechipiri, bhokisi remhando yekatoni dhizaini inogona kushandiswa, iyi mhando yebhokisi inowanzogadzirwa neakawanda zvidimbu zvemarata ebhodhi, muviri webhokisi uye chivharo chebhokisi zvakaparadzaniswa, kuburikidza nevhavha yekushandisa. Muedzo unoratidza kuti pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekurongedza, simba rekumanikidza reakavharika chimiro katoni rinenge 2 kaviri pane iyo slotted chimiro katoni.
4. Simbisa kurongedza kuyedzwa
Kurongedza kwakakosha zvikuru kune chikafu chakaoma nechando, saka nyika yakagadzira GB / T24617-2009 Frozen Chikafu Logistics Packaging, Mako, Kutakurwa uye Kuchengeta, SN / T0715-1997 Export Frozen Chikafu Commodity Yekutakura Packaging Yekuongorora Mitemo uye mamwe maitiro akakodzera uye mirau. nekuisa izvo zvidiki zvinodikanwa zvekurongedza zvinhu kuita, kuve nechokwadi chemhando yehurongwa hwese kubva pakupihwa kwekurongedza zvigadzirwa, kurongedza maitiro uye kurongedza mhedzisiro. Kune izvi, bhizinesi rinofanirwa kumisikidza yakakwana yekurongedza mhando yekudzora marabhoritari, yakashongedzerwa neatatu mhango yakasanganiswa block chimiro cheokisijeni / mvura vapor transmittance tester, yakangwara yemagetsi tension test machine, carton compressor test machine, yechando yekurongedza zvinhu zvipingamupinyi kuita, compression kuramba, puncture. kuramba, kuramba kubvarura, kukanganisa kwemaitiro uye nhevedzano yebvunzo.
Kupfupisa, zvinhu zvekurongedza zvechikafu chakaomeswa zvinotarisana nezvakawanda zvinodiwa uye matambudziko matsva mukuita kwekunyorera. Kudzidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko aya kune pundutso huru kuvandudza kuchengetwa uye kutakurwa kwechikafu chakaomeswa nechando. Uye zvakare, kuvandudza iyo yekurongedza yekuyedza maitiro, kumisikidzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekurongedza zvinhu zvekuyedza data system, ichapawo hwaro hwekutsvagisa hwekusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye kutonga kwemhando.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2023
